Money & Finance

Real (Portuguese coin)

Real; silver coin introduced by King Fernando of Portugal c. 1380.
1 real = 1/2 libra, Portuguese pound
1 real = 10 soldos [João2, ch.129]
1 real = 120 dinheiros
1 new real or real branco (white real) = 3 1/2 libras, Portuguese pounds = 70 soldos (King João I).
Rreaaes de Castella: reales of King Pedro (of Castile). [Pedro, ch. 16: 57]

Morabitino (Spanish maravedí); gold coin minted by King Afonso Henriques modeled on the Arab dinar.
1 morabitino = 15 soldos.
The gold morabitino and the copper and silver alloy dinheiro were the first coins minted by the first king of Portugal in Braga and Coimbra. These are extremely rare nowadays. They were reissued by Kings Sacho I, Afonso II and Sancho II.
The morabitino ceased to be minted by mid-thirteenth century. Other gold coins were minted after that.

Billon (from the French bille), alloy.
Dagger.
Alloy of a precious metal, often silver, with another metal of less value, usually copper, used to mint coins.

Dinheiro, penny; coin made out of copper and some silver, a metal league known as billon, bulhão in Portuguese.

Pound (currency).
Libras de portugueses: Portuguese pounds. [Pedro, ch. 15: 43]
1 libra = 20 soldos, during reign of King Dinis. [Fernando, ch. 55: 19-20]
19 libras = 1 silver mark [Pedro, ch. 11: 30]
3 libras + 15 soldos = 1 Moorish dobra [Pedro, ch. 11: 30]
3 libras + 17 soldos = 1 escudo [Pedro, ch. 11: 31]

Dobra; gold coin minted by King Pedro (1357-1367) to replace the morabitino.
1 gold dobra = 1 crossed dobra, or Doña Blanca dobla (fine gold coin made in Seville). [Pedro, ch.11: 35-37]
1 larger dobra = 4 libras + 2 soldos. [Pedro, ch. 11: 46-46]
1 smaller dobra = 41 soldos. [Pedro, ch. 11: 47-48]
50 dobras = 1 mark. [Pedro, ch. 11: 37-39]

Tornês; silver coin, silver piece.
Silver coin minted by King Dinis. On the front it had five shields displayed as a cross and the Templar cross on the back. This is supposed to commemorate the foundation of the order of Christ from the extinction of the Templars. [http://tudosobrenumismatica-dicas.blogspot.com/2009/11/historia-da-moeda-portuguesa.html]

Soldo (Latin solidus), was a monetary unit of account. [Pedro, ch. 4: 65, 72]
1 soldo = 12 dinheiros.
15 soldos + 3 libras = 1 Moorish dobra [Pedro, ch. 11: 30-31]
17 soldos + 3 libras = 1 escudo [Pedro, ch. 11: 31]
19 soldos + 3 libras = 1 moutão [Pedro, ch. 11: 31-32]
10 soldos = 1 silver real (c.1380, King Fernando).
20 soldos = 1 libra (Portuguese pound).