- Bishop of Bourges (c.1247-1316) also known as Aegidius Romanus or Egidio Colonna. Author of the De regimine principum, a 'mirror of princes' dedicated to Philip IV of France, called Philip the Fair or Philippe le Bel in French, for whose education he was responsible.
- In the Prologue to the Chronicle of King Pedro of Portugal, Fernão Lopes refers to the qualities or highest virtues of a king basing himself on Giles of Rome’s concepts of 'animatus princeps' and 'inanimatus princeps' as expressed in the De regimine principum (‘On kingship’). See Ernst H Kantorowicz, The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Mediaeval Theology (Princeton, NJ: Princeton U.P., 1981, reprint 1997), p.134: “the king or prince is a kind of Law, and the law is a kind of king or prince. For the Law is a kind of inanimate prince; the prince, however, a kind of animate Law. And in so far as the animate exceeds the inanimate the king or prince must exceed the Law”; see also note 148 for the text in the original Latin: “Est enim rex sive princeps quaedam lex; et lex quaedam rex sive princeps. Nam lex est quidam inanimatus princeps. Princeps vero est quaedam animata lex. Quantum ergo animatum inanimatum superat, tantum rex sive princeps debet superare legem”. [AH]
Aegidius Romanus
Egidio Colonna